Politics is a group of activities associated with the governance of a country, state or a region. It involves making decisions that apply to groups of members.
It refers to acquiring and exercising positions of governance - organized control over the human community, especially a state. Educational studies focused on a more targeted goal than just general political science, sometimes referred to as political science (not to be confused with political science, a synonym for political science).
In modern nation-states, people often form political parties to represent their ideas. Members of one party often agree to take the same position on several issues and agree to support the same changes in legislation and similar leaders.
An election is usually a competition between different parties. Some examples of political parties around the world are: African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa, Democratic Party (D) in United States, Conservative Party in United Kingdom, Christian Democratic Union (CDU) in Germany and Indian India. In the National Congress which has the most political parties in the world (2546 political parties) . Politics is a multidimensional term. It has quite specific meanings, which are descriptive and non-controversial (such as "the art or science of government" and "political theory"), but often have a negative connotation in the colloquial. The term has been used negatively for many years: the British national anthem in 1745, as on God "confuse their politics", [9] and in the phrase "play politics" It was published, for example, in use since at least 1853. , When the hysterical Wendell Phillips declared: "We don't play politics; anti-slavery is no half-joke with us."
A variety of methods are deployed in politics, including promoting one's own political views among people, interacting with other political subjects, legislating and using force, including the war against opponents. Politics is practiced at the social level, from the clans and tribes of traditional societies to modern local governments, companies and institutions, to sovereign states, to the international level. During the past decade, two trends (1.Concern for theoretical exploration and methodological rigor, and 2. emphasis on field studies of "emerging," "new," and "non-Western" nations) have made it possible to ignore comparative politics made.
A political system is a framework that defines acceptable political methods within a given society. The history of political thought can be traced back to early antiquity, Plato's Republic, Aristotle's Politics, the works of Confucius and Chanakya's Chanakya by Chanakya in the 3rd century BC.
Classification
Formal politics refers to the operation of a constitutional system of government and publicly defined institutions and processes. Discussions about political parties, public policy or war and foreign affairs fall under the category of formal politics. Many people view formal politics as outside of themselves, but it can still affect their daily lives.
Semi-formal politics is often important in governmental associations such as neighborhood associations, or student government political party politics in student governments.
Informal politics is understood as forming alliances, exercising power and protecting and pursuing particular ideas or goals. Generally, this includes anything that affects one's daily life, such as the management of an office or home, or how one person or group influences another. Informal politics is usually understood as everyday politics, hence the idea "politics is everywhere".
History of state politics
The history of politics is reflected in the origins, development and economics of government institutions.
Main article: State (Polity)
The origins of the kingdom are to be found in the development of the art of war. Historically, all political communities of the modern type consider their existence to be a successful war.
Kings, emperors and other types of emperors were considered divine in many countries, including China and Japan. Of the states that ruled, kings ruled at the forefront until the American Revolution abolished the "divine right of kings". Nevertheless, the monarchy is one of the longest-running political institutions, dating back to the earliest times. British Monarchy in Sumeria as early as 2100 BC to 21st century AD. An institution is formed through the institution of hereditary monarchy.
The emperor, often even in absolute monarchy, ruled his kingdom with the help of an elite group of advisers, a council without which they could not retain power. As these advisors and others negotiated for power, a constitutional monarchy emerged, which can be considered the germ of constitutional government.
The eldest of the Emperor's subordinates, the Cannes and Duke in England and Scotland, the Duke and the Counts in Continental Europe, always sat on the Council as authority. During the reign of the Gupta Empire, India followed a decentralized system in which the governors of the provinces were given great autonomy. Ancient China on the other hand followed the feudal system. A conqueror conquers vengeance or for plunder, but an established kingdom pays tribute. One of the functions of the council is to keep the Emperor's coffins filled. Another is to establish suzerainty for the satisfaction of military service and the completion of the task of collecting taxes and troops by the king.
Forms of political organization
There are many forms of political organizations, including international organizations such as states, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the United Nations. States are perhaps the predominant institutional forms of political governance, where a state is understood as an institution and a government is understood as governance in power.
According to Aristotle, states are classified into monarchy, aristocracy, period, democracy, oligarchy and tyranny. Due to changes in the history of politics, this classification has been abandoned.
All states are varieties of the same organizational form, the sovereign state. All the great powers of the modern world rule the principle of sovereignty. Sovereign power can be vested on an individual as an autocratic government or it can be vested on a group as a constitutional government. Constitutions are written documents that specify and limit the powers of various branches of government. Although a constitution is a written document, there is also an unwritten constitution. The unwritten constitution is constantly being written by the legislative and judiciary branch of government; It is one of those cases in which the nature of the circumstances determines the form of government that is most appropriate. England dictated the fashion of written formation during the Civil War, but left them after the Restoration after their liberation by the American colonies and then by the European colonies including France and the Revolution and the rest of Europe.
There are many forms of government. One form is a strong central government in France and China. Another form is local government, such as the ancient divisions in England which are relatively weak but less bureaucratic. These two forms helped shape the practice of the federal government, first in Switzerland, then in 1776 in the United States, in 1867 in Canada and in 1871 in Germany, and in 1901, Australia. The Confederate States introduced the new principle of agreement or contract. Compared to a union, a union has a more scattered system of judicial power. In the American Civil War, the state of the Union argues that a state can be separated from the union was deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
Professor A. In An Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution. V. According to Dixie, the essential features of the federal constitution are: a) a written supreme constitution to prevent disputes between the jurisdiction of federal and state officials; B) distribution of power between the federal and state governments and c) the Supreme Court vested with the power to interpret the Constitution and enforce the law of the land independent of both the executive and legislative branches.
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