After World War II, a new internal political-economic order came into existence, which was later described as Embedded Liberalism. For at least the first decade after the war, the United States, by then the most prominent national official of the period, strongly supported efforts to cope with world hunger and promote international development. It carried out the development programs of the United Nations and later the efforts of other multilateral organizations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMFF) and the World Bank (WHB).
The newly established United Nations has become a leading player in coordinating the global fight against hunger. The United Nations has three agencies that work to promote food security and agricultural development: the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Food Program (WFP) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFADI). FAO is the world's agricultural knowledge agency, providing policy and technical support to independent countries to promote food security, nutrition and sustainable agricultural production, especially in rural areas. The major mission of the WFP is to deliver food to the hungry poor. The agency steps in during the situation and uses the food to assist in the settlement after the situation. Its long-term approach to hunger helps from recovery to development. IFAD, with its knowledge of rural poverty and a particular focus on poor rural people, implements bookings and designs to help people access the wealth, services and opportunities they need to overcome poverty is. it happens.
After Germany and Japan's successful post World War II, the IMF and the WB began to focus their attention on the world. A great many civil society were also active in trying to deal with the legal hunger, especially after the 1970s when global media began to bring widespread attention to the plight of starving people in places like Ethiopia. Most important of all, especially in the late 1960s and 70s, the Green Revolution helped improve the spread of agricultural technology around the world.
The United States began to change its approach to the problem of world hunger from the mid-1950s. Influential members of the administration became less risky about the ways they viewed promoting dependence on the state, fearing that it might help spread communism. By the 1980s, the previous consensus in favor of liberal government intervention was subverted in the Western world. The IMF and the World Bank specifically began promoting market-based solutions. In cases where countries have become dependent on the IMF, they have sometimes forced national governments to prioritize repayment of debt and drastically cut major services. This sometimes negatively impacted efforts to combat hunger.
The increasing use of irrigation has played a major role in the Green Revolution.
Events such as Food First raised the issue of food sovereignty, claiming that every country on earth (some city-states with potential modern exports) has sufficient agricultural capacity to feed its own people, but that "free trade" is economic The order, which was linked to entities such as the IMF and the World Bank from the late 1970s to 2008, prevented this from happening. The World Bank itself claimed that it is part of the solution to hunger, stating that the best way to break the cycle of poverty and hunger is to build X-based economies to buy food items on the world market is. Provide financial means. However, in the early 21st century the World Bank and IMF became less dogmatic about promoting free market reforms. He swiftly returned to the view that government intervention is a role, and that it might be appropriate for governments to support food security with policies suited to domestic agriculture, even for countries whose territories Does not have comparative advantage. As of 2012, the World Bank is active in helping governments intervene against hunger.
At least until the 1980s — and, to a lesser extent, in the 1990s — the dominant academic view of world hunger was that it was a problem of demand over supply. The proposed solutions often focus on increasing food production and sometimes on birth control. There were exceptions to this, in the early 1940s, Lord Boyd-Org, the first head of the FAO of the UN, considered hunger as a mass distribution problem, and laid out a comprehensive plan to fix it.
In politics, humanitarian aid, and social science, hunger is a condition in which a person is, for a sustained period, unable to eat enough food to meet basic nutrition.
Throughout history, parts of the world's population often experience constant periods of hunger. In many cases, this resulted in disruption of the food supply due to wars, plagues or adverse weather. For the first few decades after World War II, technological advances and advanced political cooperation suggested that it may be possible to substantially reduce the number of people suffering from hunger. While progress was uneven, by 2000 the risk of extreme hunger for many people in the world was reduced. According to WFP there are some statistics that, "Some 795 million people in the world do not have enough food to live a healthy active life. It is one of nine people on Earth. The majority of the world's hungry people live in developing countries ., Where 12.9 percent of the population is low. "
By July 2012, the 2012 US drought already caused a rapid increase in the value of cereals and soy, with a knock on the price of meat. Increased prices on global markets, along with affecting hungry people in the US; America is the world's largest exporter of food. This led to talk about a possible third 21st century global food crisis. The Financial Times reported that BRICS may not be as badly affected by the crises of 2008 and 2011 as before. However, small developing countries that import a large portion of their food may be hit hard. The UN and the G20 have started contingency planning to be ready to intervene if a third global crisis arises. As of August 2013, concerns were bye-off, well above the average grain harvest expected from major exporters, including Brazil, Ukraine and the US . There was also a good worldwide harvest in 2014, leading to speculation that grain prices may fall soon.
At a summit held in Dublin in April 2013 following the 2015 MDG Framework for Hunger, Nutrition, Climate Justice and Global Justice, Ireland's President Higgins stated that only 10% of deaths from hunger are caused by armed conflict and natural disasters, Those with ongoing hunger. Both "the greatest moral failure of the current global system" and "the greatest moral challenge facing the global community". A June 2013 Hunger Summit held in London hosted new commitments of $ 7.15 billion to combat hunger. The governments of Britain and Brazil, together with The Children's Investment Fund Foundation.
Despite the hardship caused by the 2007–2009 financial crisis and the global increase in food prices occurring at the same time, the United Nations' global figures are close to a year-on-year reduction in worldwide starvation numbers. By 2019, however, evidence had increased that this progress has reversed in the last four years. The number suffering from hunger had risen both as a whole, and also at a very slow rate as a percentage of the world's population.
Hunger Relief Organizations
Several thousand hunger relief organizations exist around the world. Some but not all are devoted solely to fighting hunger. They serve only one area, from independent soup kitchens to global organizations. Organizations working at the global and regional levels often focus their efforts on helping to provide better feedback to hungry communities, for example by sharing agricultural technology. With few exceptions, locally working organizations focus more directly on providing food to the hungry. Many institutions are connected by a network of national, regional and global alliances that help them share resources, knowledge and coordinate efforts.
Global
The United Nations is central to global efforts to relieve hunger globally, in particular through FAO, and also through other agencies: such as WFP, IFAD, WHO and UNICEF. FAO's Endinghungar campaign is an online communication campaign aimed at raising awareness about the problem of hunger. It has created viral videos depicting celebrities expressing their anger about the large number of hungry people in the world.
After the Millennium Development Goals expired in 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) became key objectives to shape the world's response to development challenges in the form of hunger. Specifically in Goal 2: Zero Hunger has set globally agreed goals to end hunger, achieve food security and improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.
In addition to UN agencies, hundreds of other organizations solve the hunger problem globally. These include national governments, religious groups, international charities and in some cases international corporations. However except for perhaps in cases of donations, the priority for these organizations to provide relief from hunger may vary from year to year. In many cases organizations partner with UN agencies, although often they can pursue independent goals. For example, by 2030 a consensus had begun to be reached for the SDG Zero Hunger goal with the aim of ending hunger, by 2025 many organizations with more ambitious goals took the initiative to achieve this result quickly:
In 2013 Caritas International launched a Caritas-wide initiative aimed at ending systemic hunger by 2025. A human family advocates raising food awareness for all campaigns, improving the impact of Caritas programs and implementing food rights.
The partnership Compact2025, led by IFPRI with participation from UN organizations, NGOs and private foundations [62], provides evidence for politicians and other decision-makers aimed at ending hunger and malnutrition in the coming 10 years by 2025. Develops and disseminates based advice.
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