GOODMORNING
Hi everybody, after flood disaster, most of the people survived and they have lack of house , food, medications. Too many funds are collected and now resolving the problem by nations.This is huge disaster , but now it is recovering.A flood is an overflow of water that usually submerges dry land. In the sense of "flowing water", the term can also be applied to the flow of tides. Flood discipline is an area of study of hydrology and is of significant concern in agriculture, civil engineering and public health.
Flood water can occur as an overflow of water bodies, such as a river, lake, or ocean, in which the water is overweight or broken, resulting in some water escaping from its normal limits, or may be caused by There is accumulation of rainwater on saturated land in a regional flood. While the size of a lake or other body of water will vary with seasonal variations in rainfall and snow melt, these changes in size will not be considered significant unless they submerge flood property or domestic animals.
Flooding in rivers can also occur when the flow rate exceeds the capacity of the river channel, especially in waterways or bends. Floods often damage homes and businesses if they are in the natural floodplains of rivers. While the damage caused by river floods can be eliminated by moving away from rivers and other bodies of water, people traditionally live and work near rivers because the land is usually flat and fertile and because of the rivers Provides easy travel and access to commerce and industry.
Some floods develop slowly, while others may develop in only a few minutes and without visible signs of rain. Additionally, flooding can be local, affecting a neighborhood or community, or very large, entire river valleys.
Flooding or flooding in low-lying areas can occur when the water supply is more rapid than rain or snow, causing it to infiltrate or escape. The excess accumulates in space, sometimes to dangerous depths. Surface soils can become saturated, effectively preventing infiltration, where the water table is shallow, such as floodplains, or a series of one to one intense rains or storms. Infiltration through land, rock, concrete, paving or roofs is also negligible. Regional flooding begins in flat areas like floodplains and is not associated with a stream channel in local sediments, as the velocity of overland flow depends on the surface slope. Areas may experience flooding during periods when the endoreic basin exceeds precipitation.
Riverine (Channel)
All types of river and streams are flooded, ranging from small almanac streams to humid areas in moderately arid channels to the largest rivers in the world. When overland flow occurs on inclined fields, it can result in a dirty flood where sediment is lifted from the runway and transported as suspended matter or bed load. Localized flooding can be caused or caused by drainage obstructions such as landslides, ice, debris or beaver dams.
Slow floods occur most frequently in large rivers with large catchment areas. The increase in flow can be the result of continuous rainfall, rapid snow melt, monsoon, or tropical cyclones. However, large rivers can cause rapid flooding in areas with dry climates, as they may have large basins but small river channels and rains can be very intense in small areas of those areas.
Rapid flooding events, including flash floods, occur more often along small rivers, steep valleys, rivers that flow for their length over impenetrable terrain or normally dry channels. This may be due to localized convective rainfall (intense thunderstorms) or a sudden release from a dam, landslide, or upstream impoundment behind a glacier. In one example, a flood killed eight people enjoying water Sunday afternoon at a popular waterfall in the narrow valley. With no rain, the flow rate increased from about 50 to 1,500 cubic feet per second (1.4 to 42 m3 / s) in just one minute. Within a week, two major floods occurred at the same place, but in those days no one was in the waterfall. Thunderstorms caused fatal flooding on a part of the deluge basin, where steep, bare rock slopes are common, and thin soil was already saturated.
Dry flooding is generally the most common type of flooding in arid regions, known by Arrios and many others in the southwestern United States. In that setting, the first floodwater is exhausted as it drains the sandy stream. Thus the leading edge of the flooding moves more slowly later than the subsequent flow. As a result, the growing limbs of the hydrograph become ever faster as the flood progresses downstream, until the flow rate is so great that water becomes negligible as the soil becomes wet.
Floods are usually caused by floods and low barometric pressure and large waves flowing over the river.Urban flooding is the flooding of land or property, particularly in more densely populated areas, which increases the capacity of drainage systems due to rain, such as storm sewers. Although sometimes triggered by events such as flash flooding or snowmelt, urban flooding is a condition characterized by its repetitive and systemic effects on communities, whether they are located within or around water in any affected watershed or Do not be affected. In addition to the possible overflow of rivers and lakes, icy water, stormwater, or water from damaged water can accumulate on property and in public rights, seep through building walls and floors, or sewer pipes, Can backup in buildings through toilets and sinks. .
In urban areas, the impact of flooding can be reduced by existing paved roads and roads, increasing the speed of running water. The forced surface prevents rain from infiltrating into the ground, preventing higher surface runoff that may exceed local drainage capacity.
Flood flow in urbanized areas is a threat to both population and infrastructure. Some recent catastrophes include floods of N (mes (France) in 1998 and Vaison-la-Romain (France) in 1992, floods of New Orleans (USA) in 2005 and floods in Rockhampton, Bundaberg, Brisbane during 2010–2011 . Summer in Queensland (Australia). Despite several centuries of flood events, the flow of floods in urban environments has been relatively studied. Some recent research has shown individuals in flooded areas The criteria for safe evacuation is considered.
Flooding river floods are usually associated with failure of large infrastructure facilities such as dam collapses, but they can also be caused by drainage channel modifications from landslides, earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions. Examples include flooding and flooding. Tsunamis can cause catastrophic coastal flooding, which is usually caused by earthquakes.
The amount, location, and timing of water determines the flow from natural rainfall to a drainage channel and to the locations of controlled or uncontrolled reservoir release drift. Some precipitation evaporates, some slowly spreads through the soil, some may be temporarily sequenced as snow or ice, and some surfaces including rock, pavement, roofs and saturated or frozen ground Can cause rapid runoff from. The fraction of incident precipitation immediately reaches a drainage channel that has been observed from indigo to 170 percent higher rainfall on dry, flat ground for warmer rain on accumulated snow.
Most rainfall records are based on the measured depth of water obtained within a given time interval. The frequency of a rainfall range of interest can be determined by the number of measurements that exceed the threshold value within the total period for which observations are available. Individual data points are converted to intensity by dividing each measured depth by a period of time between observations. This intensity would be less than the intensity of the actual peak if the duration of the rainfall event was less than the set time interval for which measurements are reported. Sensory rainfall events (thunderstorms) produce shorter duration storm events than geographic rainfall. The duration, intensity, and frequency of rainfall events are important for predicting floods. Within small drainage basins it is more important to decrease the duration of floods.
The most important fluctuating factor in determining flood magnitude is the land area of the upstream area of interest. The intensity of rainfall is the second most important factor for a water area of about 30 square miles or less than 80 square kilometers. The main channel slope is the second most important factor for large watersheds. Channel slope and rainfall intensity become the third most important factors for small and large watersheds, respectively.
The interruption time is the time required for runoff from the farthest point of the upstream drainage area to control the area of interest in reaching the point of the drainage channel. The time of concentration defines the critical period of extreme rainfall for the region of interest. The critical period of intense rainfall may be only a few minutes for the roof and drainage structures of the parking lot, while the cumulative rainfall over several days will be important for river ghats.
Flood water can occur as an overflow of water bodies, such as a river, lake, or ocean, in which the water is overweight or broken, resulting in some water escaping from its normal limits, or may be caused by There is accumulation of rainwater on saturated land in a regional flood. While the size of a lake or other body of water will vary with seasonal variations in rainfall and snow melt, these changes in size will not be considered significant unless they submerge flood property or domestic animals.
Flooding in rivers can also occur when the flow rate exceeds the capacity of the river channel, especially in waterways or bends. Floods often damage homes and businesses if they are in the natural floodplains of rivers. While the damage caused by river floods can be eliminated by moving away from rivers and other bodies of water, people traditionally live and work near rivers because the land is usually flat and fertile and because of the rivers Provides easy travel and access to commerce and industry.
Some floods develop slowly, while others may develop in only a few minutes and without visible signs of rain. Additionally, flooding can be local, affecting a neighborhood or community, or very large, entire river valleys.
Flooding or flooding in low-lying areas can occur when the water supply is more rapid than rain or snow, causing it to infiltrate or escape. The excess accumulates in space, sometimes to dangerous depths. Surface soils can become saturated, effectively preventing infiltration, where the water table is shallow, such as floodplains, or a series of one to one intense rains or storms. Infiltration through land, rock, concrete, paving or roofs is also negligible. Regional flooding begins in flat areas like floodplains and is not associated with a stream channel in local sediments, as the velocity of overland flow depends on the surface slope. Areas may experience flooding during periods when the endoreic basin exceeds precipitation.
Riverine (Channel)
All types of river and streams are flooded, ranging from small almanac streams to humid areas in moderately arid channels to the largest rivers in the world. When overland flow occurs on inclined fields, it can result in a dirty flood where sediment is lifted from the runway and transported as suspended matter or bed load. Localized flooding can be caused or caused by drainage obstructions such as landslides, ice, debris or beaver dams.
Slow floods occur most frequently in large rivers with large catchment areas. The increase in flow can be the result of continuous rainfall, rapid snow melt, monsoon, or tropical cyclones. However, large rivers can cause rapid flooding in areas with dry climates, as they may have large basins but small river channels and rains can be very intense in small areas of those areas.
Rapid flooding events, including flash floods, occur more often along small rivers, steep valleys, rivers that flow for their length over impenetrable terrain or normally dry channels. This may be due to localized convective rainfall (intense thunderstorms) or a sudden release from a dam, landslide, or upstream impoundment behind a glacier. In one example, a flood killed eight people enjoying water Sunday afternoon at a popular waterfall in the narrow valley. With no rain, the flow rate increased from about 50 to 1,500 cubic feet per second (1.4 to 42 m3 / s) in just one minute. Within a week, two major floods occurred at the same place, but in those days no one was in the waterfall. Thunderstorms caused fatal flooding on a part of the deluge basin, where steep, bare rock slopes are common, and thin soil was already saturated.
Dry flooding is generally the most common type of flooding in arid regions, known by Arrios and many others in the southwestern United States. In that setting, the first floodwater is exhausted as it drains the sandy stream. Thus the leading edge of the flooding moves more slowly later than the subsequent flow. As a result, the growing limbs of the hydrograph become ever faster as the flood progresses downstream, until the flow rate is so great that water becomes negligible as the soil becomes wet.
Floods are usually caused by floods and low barometric pressure and large waves flowing over the river.Urban flooding is the flooding of land or property, particularly in more densely populated areas, which increases the capacity of drainage systems due to rain, such as storm sewers. Although sometimes triggered by events such as flash flooding or snowmelt, urban flooding is a condition characterized by its repetitive and systemic effects on communities, whether they are located within or around water in any affected watershed or Do not be affected. In addition to the possible overflow of rivers and lakes, icy water, stormwater, or water from damaged water can accumulate on property and in public rights, seep through building walls and floors, or sewer pipes, Can backup in buildings through toilets and sinks. .
In urban areas, the impact of flooding can be reduced by existing paved roads and roads, increasing the speed of running water. The forced surface prevents rain from infiltrating into the ground, preventing higher surface runoff that may exceed local drainage capacity.
Flood flow in urbanized areas is a threat to both population and infrastructure. Some recent catastrophes include floods of N (mes (France) in 1998 and Vaison-la-Romain (France) in 1992, floods of New Orleans (USA) in 2005 and floods in Rockhampton, Bundaberg, Brisbane during 2010–2011 . Summer in Queensland (Australia). Despite several centuries of flood events, the flow of floods in urban environments has been relatively studied. Some recent research has shown individuals in flooded areas The criteria for safe evacuation is considered.
Flooding river floods are usually associated with failure of large infrastructure facilities such as dam collapses, but they can also be caused by drainage channel modifications from landslides, earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions. Examples include flooding and flooding. Tsunamis can cause catastrophic coastal flooding, which is usually caused by earthquakes.
The amount, location, and timing of water determines the flow from natural rainfall to a drainage channel and to the locations of controlled or uncontrolled reservoir release drift. Some precipitation evaporates, some slowly spreads through the soil, some may be temporarily sequenced as snow or ice, and some surfaces including rock, pavement, roofs and saturated or frozen ground Can cause rapid runoff from. The fraction of incident precipitation immediately reaches a drainage channel that has been observed from indigo to 170 percent higher rainfall on dry, flat ground for warmer rain on accumulated snow.
Most rainfall records are based on the measured depth of water obtained within a given time interval. The frequency of a rainfall range of interest can be determined by the number of measurements that exceed the threshold value within the total period for which observations are available. Individual data points are converted to intensity by dividing each measured depth by a period of time between observations. This intensity would be less than the intensity of the actual peak if the duration of the rainfall event was less than the set time interval for which measurements are reported. Sensory rainfall events (thunderstorms) produce shorter duration storm events than geographic rainfall. The duration, intensity, and frequency of rainfall events are important for predicting floods. Within small drainage basins it is more important to decrease the duration of floods.
The most important fluctuating factor in determining flood magnitude is the land area of the upstream area of interest. The intensity of rainfall is the second most important factor for a water area of about 30 square miles or less than 80 square kilometers. The main channel slope is the second most important factor for large watersheds. Channel slope and rainfall intensity become the third most important factors for small and large watersheds, respectively.
The interruption time is the time required for runoff from the farthest point of the upstream drainage area to control the area of interest in reaching the point of the drainage channel. The time of concentration defines the critical period of extreme rainfall for the region of interest. The critical period of intense rainfall may be only a few minutes for the roof and drainage structures of the parking lot, while the cumulative rainfall over several days will be important for river ghats.
No comments:
Post a Comment